Garo Outline

I.        Crimes
A.        Homicide
        1.        Murder
                a.        Felony murder
                b.        1st degree murder
                c.        2nd degree murder
        2.        Voluntary manslaughter
        3.        Indemnity
B.        Non-homicide crimes
        1.        Assault
        2.        Battery
        3.        Mayhem
        4.        Rape/Statutory rape
        5.        False imprisonment
        6.        Kidnapping
C.        Real property crimes
        1.        Burglary
        2.        Arson
D.        Personal property crimes
        1.        Larceny
        2.        Larceny by trick
        3.        Embezzlement
        4.        False pretenses
        5.        Robbery
        6.        Extortion
        7.        Receiving stolen property
        8.        Forgery
        9.        Uttering
E.        Crimes against morality
        1.        Adultery
        2.        Fornication
        3.        Illicit cohabitation
        4.        Bigamy
        5.        Incest
        6.        Seduction
        7.        Sodomy
F.        Crimes against the Justice or Government
        1.        Misprision
        2.        Compounding
        3.        Perjury
        4.        Bribery
        5.        Escape
        6.        Rescue
        7.        Breach of peace
        8.        Unlawful assembly
        9.        Riot
G.        Inchoate crimes
        1.        Solicitation
        2.        Attempt
        3.        Conspiracy
II.        Defenses to Crimes
A.        Excuses
        1.        Insanity
                a.        M'Naughten rule
                b.        Irresistible impulse
                c.        Durham rule
                d.        ALI/MPC
                        i.        Note on insanity
                        ii.        Note on involuntary intoxication
        2.        Diminished capacity
        3.        Infancy
        4.        Mistake
        5.        Duress or coercion
        6.        Consent
        7.        Entrapment
B.        Justification
        1.        Public and domestic authority
        2.        Self-defense
                a.        deadly force
                b.        non-deadly force
        3.        Defense of others
        4.        Defense of property
        5.        Crime prevention
        6.        Necessity
III.        Parties to crimes
        1.        Principals in the 1st degrees
        2.        Accessories before and after the fact
IV.        Elements of crimes
        1.        Actus reus
                a.        Possession crimes
                b.        Omissions
                c.        Vicarious liability
        2.        Mens rea
                a.        specific intent
                b.        general intent
                c.        transfered intent
                d.        recklessness
                e.        negligence
                f.        strict liability
        3.        Concurrence
        4.        Causation
                a.        factual cause
                b.        proximate cause

Parties to crimes

I.        Principle in the 1st degree: perpetrator person who does the acts constituting the offense
II.        Principle in the 2nd degree: person present @ scene who encourages, assists the acts of the perpetrator
III.        Accessory before the fact: person who offers pre-crime encouragement or solicitation
{MODERNLY ALL ABOVE ARE PRINCIPLES}
IV.        Accessory after the fact: person who post crime aids the perpetrator after the crime (avoiding capture, etc){wives and close relatives are exceptions}
{At CL, principles had to be convicted first in order convict accessories; modernly, anything goes}

Criminal Law Defenses

I.        Excuses
        A.        Insanity (anti-social behavior is not insanity)
                1.        M'Naghten:        no knowledge of right or wrong OR gravity of act (cognitive test)
                2.        Irresistible Impulse:        impulse which can not be resisted (substantial inability to control self){always used w/ M'Naghten}
                3.        ALIC/MPC:        M'Naghten + Irresistible impulse (as a result of mental disease, lacks substantial capacity){disjunctive defense}
                4.        Durham rule:        but for mental illness (product test)
        B.        Diminished capacity
                1.        Voluntary intoxication
                        a.        negates specific intent crimes, premeditation, malice (specific intent portions)
        C.        Infancy
                1.        <7:                conclusive presumption against criminal capacity
                2.        7-14:        rebutable capacity by showing of malice or wrongfulness of conduct
                3.        >14:                same as adults
        D.        Mistake
                1.        Of law:        mistake or ignorance of law is not an excuse unless the mistake can be traced to a high level of government
                2.        Of fact:        an act is performed under the influence of an honest and reasonable mistake of a fact. conduct excused provided it would have not been illegal or wrongful under the facts as perceived.
        E.        Duress or Coercion
                1.        if under imminent threat from another to inflict death or gbi upon one's self, conduct may be excused (does not excuse rape or criminal homicide). Used for non-homicide offenses. Mitigates murder.
        F.        Consent
                1.        An effective consent by victim eliminates crimes. Typically in rape cases. Excuses acts which do not entail serious injury to victim.
        G.        Entrapment
                1.        One may be excused from a forbidden act, which does not include physical injury, if one did that act at the behest of a law enforcement agent. Most courts use a subjective predisposition test. Ask if an innocent person would have been induced to commit the crime
II.        Justifications
        A.        Public or domestic authority
                1.        State may authorize agents/citizens to engage in an activity (e.g. executions, acts of war, parents, school teachers)
        B.        Self-defense
                1.        deadly force:        force intended to or capable of causing great bodily harm. permitted where real or apparent threat of an imminent deadly attack and that force is reasonably necessary to repel the attack. Imperfect self defense, negates malice (transforms murder to manslaughter) {aggressor forfeits right to self-defense unless victim responds to attack with deadly force}
                2.        non-deadly force:        an innocent person is justified in using any non-deadly force which reasonably seems necessary to prevent a physical attack against herself. Force is not permitted to resist a non-lawful arrest: reasonable force may be used against the police if the police use excessive force
        C.        Defense of others
                1.        reasonable deadly or non-deadly force if privileged to act in own self-defense
        D.        Defense of property
                1.        reasonable amount of non-deadly force to prevent trespass to property unless a dwelling is involved. flat prohibition of use of mechanical devices
        E.        Crime prevention
                1.        non-deadly force is justified to prevent a misdemeanor or felony constituting a breach of the peace. breach of the peace: disturbing peace of community. deadly force is permitted when reasonably necessary to prevent a dangerous felony (BARRM)
        F.        Necessity
                1.        Justified invasion of the personal property of another to prevent damage or harm

Prima Facie Breach of Contract (chronologically)

1.        Is there a valid contract
        a.        was there mutual assent and consideration
        b.        are there 3rd parties (benis, delegations, assignments)
2.        Have all conditions precedent to the D's duty been satisfied or excused
3.        Have the D's matured duties been performed or discharged including by conditions subsequent
        a.        If D's matured contract duties have not been performed or discharged there is a technical breach of contract
4.        Are there any defenses
        a.        If no defenses, absolute breach
5.        What are the remedies
        a.        expectation
        b.        specific performance
        c.        recision and restitution
        d.        reformation
        

When faced with anticipatory repudiation...

1.        Treat the K as totally repudiated and sue immediately
2.        Suspend non-breachor's performance until performance is due
3.        Treat the repudiation as an offer to rescind and treat the contract as discharged
4.        Ignore repudiation and urge performance

When faced with anticipatory repudiation...

1.        Treat the K as totally repudiated and sue immediately
2.        Suspend non-breachor's performance until performance is due
3.        Treat the repudiation as an offer to rescind and treat the contract as discharged
4.        Ignore repudiation and urge performance

Performance to 3rd Parties

Only if the 3rd pary is:
        1.        Intended AND
        2.        Relies to detriment OR
        3.        Knowledge and assent OR
        4.        Sues to enforce OR

Discharge of Duties

Performance or Tender of Performance
Condition Subsequent
Illegality
Impossibility, Impracticability, or Frustration
Rescission

Firm Offer Rule

Under the UCC:
        3 months (Not More than 3 months!)
        Signed
        Writing (NOT ORAL)
        MUST be a merchant

Conditions Excused

Excused
        Failure to cooperate
        Actual breach
        Anticipatory repudiation
        Inability or unwillingness to perform
                Nonbreaching party can SUSPEND his/her performance UNTIL breachor assures
        Substantial performance
        Divisible K
                2 or more parts
                Number of parts is the same
                Each party assumes risk for one part at a time
        Waiver or Estoppel
                Estoppel
                Election
                Does not waive damages for failure of condition
                Only conditions that are ancillary or collateral (not main purpose of K)

Defenses To Formation

Mistake
        Mutual
                Basic Assumption
                Material Adverse Effect
                No Assumption of Risk
        Unilateral
                Generally NOT a Valid Defense
        Transmission/Scribner/Delivery
                Operative UNLESS other party should have been aware of the mistake
Lack of Consideration
Illegality
Lack of Capacity
        < 18 years of age
        Insane
        Intoxicated
        Duress/Coercion
SOF
        MYLEGS
Unconscionability
        At the time of formation

Detrimental Reliance

1 Reasonable Expectation or Belief
2 Induces Action or Forbearance
3 Definite and Substantial Character
4 Does Actually Induce Reliance

CL Multistate Things I Don't Know

1.        A person is guilty of criminal intent when, with the specific intent to bring about a criminally prohibited result, he comes substantially close to achieving that result. Thus, all intents are specific intent crimes.
2.        A person is guilty of criminal intent when, with the specific intent to bring about a prohibited result, she comes substantially close to doing so. Thus all attempts are specific intent crimes.
3.        Wharton's Rule: there can be no conspiracy unless the agreement involves at least one person who is not essential to the commission of the crime to which the conspirators agreed.
4.        Larceny, even the slightest movement will suffice.
5.        Statutory rape is a S/L crime requiring no intent at all; therefore, a defendant who has sexual intercourse with a female who is too young to consent is guilty if he was aware that he was engaging in intercourse.
6.        Rape is a general intent crime, therefore the defendant's intent is critical: if he did not intend to have intercourse, there can be no conviction.
7.        A police officer who has probable cause to believe that the defendant is in the process of committing a crime may arrest the defendant without a warrant.
8.        What the fuck is probable cause!!!

Multistate things i don't know

Multistates: did 12/20 right on 4.2.2006
1.        If an event was not foreseeable to the parties at the time a contract was formed makes performance of the contract impossible, such performance is excused.
2.        Quasi-contractual remedies are designed to prevent unjust enrichment, thusly, they are unavailable to the non-breaching party who has received no benefit from P's work.
3.        Acceptance of goods occurs only after the buyer has had a reasonable opportunity to inspect the goods and either notifies the seller of his intention to keep them or fails to reject them.
4.        An offer for a unilateral contract cannot effectively be withdrawn once the offeree has begun performance.
5.        If a promise not to assign a contract is enforceable, it is like any other promise in the damages may be available as a remedy for its breach.
6.        Quantum meruit is available to prevent unjust enrichment only where services were rendered under circumstances such that the party for whom payment is sought was aware of the other party's expectation of payment.
7.        Frustration of purpose may excuse performance of a contract when an unforeseen event destroys its underlying purpose, but only if both parties knew what that purpose was.
8.        SOF requires a contract for the sale of goods with a price of $500 or more to be in writing, but does not apply to a contract for services, even if goods are to be provided by the person performing the services.