Parties to crimes

I.        Principle in the 1st degree: perpetrator person who does the acts constituting the offense
II.        Principle in the 2nd degree: person present @ scene who encourages, assists the acts of the perpetrator
III.        Accessory before the fact: person who offers pre-crime encouragement or solicitation
{MODERNLY ALL ABOVE ARE PRINCIPLES}
IV.        Accessory after the fact: person who post crime aids the perpetrator after the crime (avoiding capture, etc){wives and close relatives are exceptions}
{At CL, principles had to be convicted first in order convict accessories; modernly, anything goes}